View Full Version : legal to conceal my gun at work?
okay.. So my family is about to purchase a store in ft.collins. I am wondering wether I am able to carry my handgun while I'm working CONCEALED if I'm in my own "dwelling" ? I always said that if i ever end up working at a gas station, (especialy at night) that i would carry my gun weather i was legaly able to or not. It's not like a cop would even think about asking me if i had a gun on me when I'm standing behind a counter working. but if i ever had to use it, it would be a different story. anyway.. what do you guys think about this? I'm sure my step-dad wouldnt appreciate me open carrying when were trying to GET busness, not scare them away.
(edit: I do NOT have a concealed carry permit)
Batteriesnare
07-21-2009, 22:51
okay.. So my family is about to purchase a store in ft.collins. I am wondering wether I am able to carry my handgun while I'm working CONCEALED if I'm in my own "dwelling" ? I always said that if i ever end up working at a gas station, (especialy at night) that i would carry my gun weather i was legaly able to or not. It's not like a cop would even think about asking me if i had a gun on me when I'm standing behind a counter working. but if i ever had to use it, it would be a different story. anyway.. what do you guys think about this? I'm sure my step-dad wouldnt appreciate me open carrying when were trying to GET busness, not scare them away.
(edit: I do NOT have a concealed carry permit)
I'm pretty sure that if you ware the owner of the establishment, you can carry concealed without a permit, as the government considers it an extension of your home (much like they do your car). You can carry concealed in your personal vehicle, as well as in your home, so I don't see why your business would be any different. I don't however have a legal statute to back this up, so keep that in mind.
Personal Def Simulations
07-21-2009, 23:12
It's legal as long as it's your private property. Here's the applicable state statute:
18-12-105. Unlawfully carrying a concealed weapon - unlawful possession of weapons.
(1) A person commits a class 2 misdemeanor if such person knowingly and unlawfully:
(a) Carries a knife concealed on or about his or her person; or
(b) Carries a firearm concealed on or about his or her person; or
(c) Without legal authority, carries, brings, or has in such person's possession a firearm or any explosive, incendiary, or other dangerous device on the property of or within any building in which the chambers, galleries, or offices of the general assembly, or either house thereof, are located, or in which a legislative hearing or meeting is being or is to be conducted, or in which the official office of any member, officer, or employee of the general assembly is located.(2) It shall not be an offense if the defendant was:
(a) A person in his or her own dwelling or place of business or on property owned or under his or her control at the time of the act of carrying; or
Batteriesnare
07-21-2009, 23:58
It's legal as long as it's your private property. Here's the applicable state statute:
18-12-105. Unlawfully carrying a concealed weapon - unlawful possession of weapons.
(1) A person commits a class 2 misdemeanor if such person knowingly and unlawfully:
(a) Carries a knife concealed on or about his or her person; or
(b) Carries a firearm concealed on or about his or her person; or
(c) Without legal authority, carries, brings, or has in such person's possession a firearm or any explosive, incendiary, or other dangerous device on the property of or within any building in which the chambers, galleries, or offices of the general assembly, or either house thereof, are located, or in which a legislative hearing or meeting is being or is to be conducted, or in which the official office of any member, officer, or employee of the general assembly is located.(2) It shall not be an offense if the defendant was:
(a) A person in his or her own dwelling or place of business or on property owned or under his or her control at the time of the act of carrying; or
Good to know! I'm curious though, does this apply if you are renting the property?
For example, I rent an apartment, and carry when home, if for nothing else than to get used to having a gun on my person concealed. No if someone were to enter my home and I was forced to use my weapon on them, could I face any backlash because I did not own the property I was in at the time? To me, if this is a loophole, it could be exploited if the attacker was not killed, and then I'm in a big world of hurt. Thanks for the help!
Personal Def Simulations
07-22-2009, 06:39
You'd be fine in the apartment as it's under your control. And, that would most likely be covered by the "Make My Day" law. Your apartment would be a dwelling.
Of course, any time you shoot someone the incident would be subject to an investigation, etc., to determine if you acted according to the law.
It's always best to consult with an attorney regarding these kinds of issues and questions.
I carry at my work everyday. We own the business and the building.
68Charger
07-22-2009, 15:00
Just one thing to remember- the "make my day" law doesn't cover you shooting someone to protect your goods in the business...
but you are still entitled to protect yourself... so if you feel your life is in danger during a robbery, THAT is why you fired, not because it was your store and you were protecting your investment...
that's the way it was esplained to me...
when the occupant has a reasonable belief that such other person has committed a crime in the dwelling in addition to the uninvited entry, or is committing or intends to commit a crime against a person OR PROPERTY in addition to the uninvited entry, and when the occupant reasonably believes that such other person might use any physical force, NO MATTER HOW SLIGHT, against any occupant...... i got that of off a websight that states the "castle" laws for every state. this is colorado's. i capitalized a couple parts.
Personal Def Simulations
07-22-2009, 19:02
Bimmer...
Don't get confused. The "Make My Day" law (CRS 18-1-704.5) applies only to dwellings...not businesses. Unless you could articulate why your business was a dwelling, it would not apply to a store.
A "dwelling" is defined under Colorado law as: A building which is used, intended to be used or usually used by a person for habitation.
Bimmer...
Don't get confused. The "Make My Day" law (CRS 18-1-704.5) applies only to dwellings...not businesses. Unless you could articulate why your business was a dwelling, it would not apply to a store.
A "dwelling" is defined under Colorado law as: A building which is used, intended to be used or usually used by a person for habitation.
its any place that you are inhabiting at the time. just like your car. I'm just saying, if someone came into a store and held you up and gun point, and asked for all your money you have every right to shoot them. and the best part about buinessess, is that there are usually cameras to prove your case.
Personal Def Simulations
07-23-2009, 20:57
I'm not saying you can't use force to defend yourself if you're being robbed in a business or anywhere else. What I'm saying is the "Make My Day" law applies only to dwellings under CO law. It offers the occupant of a dwelling certain protections under the law that are not offered in other areas. It does not apply to cars, other vehicles (though sometimes an RV or motorhome, etc...might qualify) or generally to businesses. Sure...you can still use force to protect yourself...but you won't be protected by the "Make My Day" law.
I'm not saying you can't use force to defend yourself if you're being robbed in a business or anywhere else. What I'm saying is the "Make My Day" law applies only to dwellings under CO law. It offers the occupant of a dwelling certain protections under the law that are not offered in other areas. It does not apply to cars, other vehicles (though sometimes an RV or motorhome, etc...might qualify) or generally to businesses. Sure...you can still use force to protect yourself...but you won't be protected by the "Make My Day" law.
A Castle Doctrine (also known as a Castle Law or a Defense of Habitation Law) is an American (http://www.co-ar15.com/wiki/United_States) legal concept arising from English Common Law (http://www.co-ar15.com/wiki/English_Common_Law)[1] (http://www.co-ar15.com/forums/#cite_note-0) that designates one's place of residence (or, in some states, any place legally occupied, such as one's car or place of work) as a place in which one enjoys protection from illegal trespassing and violent attack. It then goes on to give a person the legal right to use deadly force to defend that place (his/her "castle (http://www.co-ar15.com/wiki/Castle)"), and/or any other innocent persons legally inside it, from violent attack or an intrusion which may lead to violent attack. In a legal context, therefore, use of deadly force which actually results in death may be defended as justifiable homicide (http://www.co-ar15.com/wiki/Justifiable_homicide) under the Castle Doctrine.
Castle Doctrines are legislated by state, and not all states in the US have a Castle Doctrine. The term "Make My Day Law" comes from the landmark 1985 Colorado statute that protects people from any criminal charge or civil suit if they use force – including deadly force – against an invader of the home.[2] (http://www.co-ar15.com/forums/#cite_note-1) The law's nickname is a reference to the famous line uttered by Clint Eastwood's character Harry Callahan (http://www.co-ar15.com/wiki/Harry_Callahan_(character)) in the 1983 film Sudden Impact (http://www.co-ar15.com/wiki/Sudden_Impact), "Go ahead, make my day (http://www.co-ar15.com/wiki/Go_ahead,_make_my_day)."
This legal doctrine concerning the rights of homeowners to bear arms for self-defense, was recently argued in the Supreme Court case of District of Columbia v. Heller (http://www.co-ar15.com/wiki/District_of_Columbia_v._Heller) which addressed its relation to the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution (http://www.co-ar15.com/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution ).
Personal Def Simulations
07-23-2009, 22:57
Whatever, dude.
Whatever, dude.
I'm not trying to argue... just read that. it clearly says (in one's car or place of work)
I'm not trying to argue... just read that. it clearly says (in one's car or place of work)
bimmer actually you need to re-read it. It does NOT say one's car or place of work in regard to Colorado's "Make My Day" Law. In fact Personal Def Simulations is correct. The Colorado 1985 "Make My Day" law is a castle doctrine and applies to your home only and NOT your car, in your car you are working with the Colorado law pertaining to self defense.
Cameron
The so named "Make My Day" Law in Colorado is very specific and applies to the use of force in one's dwelling against an unlawful invader of one's home. It is very clear.
bimmer since you like quoting wiki for the law you should have actually read it, it clearly states that the Colorado law applies when in your home:
Castle Doctrines are legislated by state, and not all states in the US have a Castle Doctrine. The term "Make My Day Law" comes from the landmark 1985 Colorado statute that protects people from any criminal charge or civil suit if they use force – including deadly force – against an invader of the home.
As wikipedia is probably not the best place for researching the law look at the actual Colorado Revised Statutes:
18-1-704.5. Use of deadly physical force against an intruder.
(1) The general assembly hereby recognizes that the citizens of Colorado have a right to expect absolute safety within their own homes.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 18-1-704, any occupant of a dwelling is justified in using any degree of physical force, including deadly physical force, against another person when that other person has made an unlawful entry into the dwelling, and when the occupant has a reasonable belief that such other person has committed a crime in the dwelling in addition to the uninvited entry, or is committing or intends to commit a crime against a person or property in addition to the uninvited entry, and when the occupant reasonably believes that such other person might use any physical force, no matter how slight, against any occupant.
(3) Any occupant of a dwelling using physical force, including deadly physical force, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (2) of this section shall be immune from criminal prosecution for the use of such force.
(4) Any occupant of a dwelling using physical force, including deadly physical force, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (2) of this section shall be immune from any civil liability for injuries or death resulting from the use of such force.
Source: L. 85: Entire section added, p. 662, § 1, effective June 6.
Cross references: For limitations on civil suits against persons using physical force in defense of a person or to prevent the commission of a felony, see § 13-80-119.
18-1-704.5. Use of deadly physical force against an intruder does NOT apply to your work place or car, you have to look to
18-1-704. Use of physical force in defense of a person.
18-1-705. Use of physical force in defense of premises.
18-1-706. Use of physical force in defense of property.
No of these have the same immunity clauses that 18-1-704.5. Use of deadly physical force against an intruder does.
Cameron
Texas has the only Castle Doctrine that I'm aware of that specifically extends to the car. Otherwise, everyone else is correct. Don't confuse a general description of what a Castle Doctrine is, with what the specific Castle Doctrine in COLORADO says.
Rampart Runner
07-24-2009, 15:44
Texas has the only Castle Doctrine that I'm aware of that specifically extends to the car. Otherwise, everyone else is correct. Don't confuse a general description of what a Castle Doctrine is, with what the specific Castle Doctrine in COLORADO says.
Yep. In fact you can shoot someone on your front lawn engages in criminal activity, e.g. breaking into your vehicle, with the stipulation that the criminal activity occurs at night.
I have a current CHL from Texas as well as one from Colorado. The laws in Texas are much more favorable to potential victims wishing to exercise self defense.
Always remember these words, "I feared for my life".
Yep. In fact you can shoot someone on your front lawn engages in criminal activity, e.g. breaking into your vehicle, with the stipulation that the criminal activity occurs at night.
I have a current CHL from Texas as well as one from Colorado. The laws in Texas are much more favorable to potential victims wishing to exercise self defense.
Always remember these words, "I feared for my life".
well i guess I'm just confused. but i do know for a fact that your car IS consitered an extention of your home. If its an extention of your home or "castle" then why wouldnt the same castle law apply to your car?
just a question, not trying to cause any arguments here. Oh, and i did look on a lot of other things besides wiki to get my info. that was just the quickest one to get to, to copy. http://www.bluemesashooting.com/Colorado%20CCW%20Statutes%20Complete..pdf (http://www.bluemesashooting.com/Colorado%20CCW%20Statutes%20Complete..pdf) < that is one site that i got reference on
Personal Def Simulations
07-26-2009, 06:52
well i guess I'm just confused. but i do know for a fact that your car IS consitered an extention of your home. If its an extention of your home or "castle" then why wouldnt the same castle law apply to your car?
just a question, not trying to cause any arguments here. Oh, and i did look on a lot of other things besides wiki to get my info. that was just the quickest one to get to, to copy. http://www.bluemesashooting.com/Colorado%20CCW%20Statutes%20Complete..pdf < that is one site that i got reference on
Yeah, you are confused. Nothing in any link or reference you've cited supports your misguided beliefs except for the Wiki link which is not an accurate representation of the law in COLORADO. Furthermore, a car is only considered an extension of your home inasmuch as you are afforded a slightly greater degree of privacy in your car than you would be in your person when in a public place.
It's really irritating to have to tell someone over and over why they're incorrect about something. Especially when there is ample evidence to prove what the other person is saying is incorrect. It's really simple...REALLY simple. READ, and try to comprehend, what is written in 18-1-704.5 Use of Deadly Physical Force Against an Intruder. It says nothing about cars. Nothing. It talks about your dwelling. I've already given you the definition of "dwelling" and you've even referenced the statute where it's defined in your last post. A car is not a dwelling. A business is not a dwelling (generally)...though, in some cases, one might be able to articulate why a business could be a dwelling. It would be unusual. It doesn't apply to cars because it says it applies to dwellings. I can't make it any simpler than that. That's why 18-1-901 specifically defines a "dwelling". It has nothing whatsoever to do with your car being an extension of your home.
As a matter of fact, the Colorado legislature just this year failed to pass another version of the "Make My Day" law that would have provided the same legal protections to persons using deadly force against violent criminals in cars and businesses as they are afforded in their homes.
Now, getting back to your link in the last post. All you have to do (besides READING 18-1-704.5) is read 18-1-705 and 18-1-706. Those deal with use of force to protect premises and property. They explicitly state that deadly physical force can only be used under the circumstances described in 18-1-704, which would be to defend against threats to persons, where that person had a reasonable belief that they were in imminent danger of suffering death or serious bodily injury.
Having said all that, here is the question: Is it lawful for a person to use deadly physical force to protect themselves (or even an innocent third person), while that person is inside his car or business or anywhere else, when that person is faced with a reasonably perceived threat that they will suffer death or serious bodily injury, and when they reasonably believe that any lesser degree of force would be inadequate? The answer is, "Yes".
OK. So how does that differ from using force to protect oneself from an intruder inside their dwelling? Because the person is held to a much lower standard in proving they felt threatened. The "Make My Day" law requires a person to have a reasonable belief that 3 criteria have been met:
There has been an unlawful or uninvited entry into the dwelling by another person
The occupant of the dwelling has a reasonable belief that the intruder, in addition to the uninvited/illegal entry, has committed, is committing, or will commit a crime against any person or property inside the dwelling
The occupant has a reasonable belief the intruder might use any degree of force against any occupant of the dwellingIf the occupant can reasonably articulate why he believed those things then the law allows the occupant to use any degree of force, including deadly physical force, to defend themselves and/or their property.
In addition, if the occupant is found to have acted within the bounds of the "Make My Day" law, the occupant is immune from any civil liability or criminal prosecution arising from his use of force. You are not offered that degree of protection anywhere other than inside a location that meets the definition of a dwelling.
If I were you, I would definitely consult with an attorney to insure I understood the law (you don't) before I carried a gun to protect myself in this state. If you don't, you're liable to be in a world of legal hurt if you use your gun to protect yourself believing what you do regarding use of force.
for one thing. YOU DONT HAVE TO BE AN ASSHOLE ABOUT IT. another thing. my question in MY FIRST POST wasnt reffering to JUST the make my day law. i asked if i could carry concealed IN A BUSINESS. which the law states SPECIFICALY states that you CAN, and that you CAN deffend yourself against intruders in a BUSINESS. i understand the laws, and and it was a simple question that i asked in my LAST post about your CAR being an extention of the home. the reason i ASKED THE QUESTION was so i would KNOW the law. you dont have to get all defensive about it, and just make yourself look like a dick. if you cant answer a question without being rude, then dont answer it at all. i didnt ask the question so that i could prettymuch be called a dumb ass. and obviously no one is going to try to rob someplace without some kind of weapon. which means that obviously, your life IS in danger. I have been robbed TWICE in the last 2 years. once with a huge butcher knife, and once with a handgun. i would have had EVERY right to shoot them, if i would have had a weapon.
Personal Def Simulations
07-27-2009, 16:32
for one thing. YOU DONT HAVE TO BE AN ASSHOLE ABOUT IT. another thing. my question in MY FIRST POST wasnt reffering to JUST the make my day law. i asked if i could carry concealed IN A BUSINESS. which the law states SPECIFICALY states that you CAN, and that you CAN deffend yourself against intruders in a BUSINESS. i understand the laws, and and it was a simple question that i asked in my LAST post about your CAR being an extention of the home. the reason i ASKED THE QUESTION was so i would KNOW the law. you dont have to get all defensive about it, and just make yourself look like a dick. if you cant answer a question without being rude, then dont answer it at all. i didnt ask the question so that i could prettymuch be called a dumb ass. and obviously no one is going to try to rob someplace without some kind of weapon. which means that obviously, your life IS in danger. I have been robbed TWICE in the last 2 years. once with a huge butcher knife, and once with a handgun. i would have had EVERY right to shoot them, if i would have had a weapon.
If you go back and look, my intial response to your OP didn't reference the Make My Day law. Furthermore, my answer to your intial post was right on.
Another member brought up the Make My Day law in reference to renting an apartment and I responded to him.
Yet another member brought up the fact the Make My Day law doesn't cover protecting goods in a business...which is also correct.
Then YOU posted a portion of the Make My Day law. In my response to that I told you again, correctly, that a business as you described is not a dwelling (I even gave you the statutory definition of "dwelling") and that the Make My Day law wouldn't be applicable in that situation.
Then you posted this jewell:
its any place that you are inhabiting at the time. just like your car.
and some irrelevant reference to a Wiki entry regarding Castle laws. A few posters, myself included, tried to explain the Make My Day law to you and you continued to argue and wrote, "but i do know for a fact that your car IS consitered an extention of your home. If its an extention of your home or "castle" then why wouldnt the same castle law apply to your car?"
That's not a question. It's a statement. And you don't understand the laws - that's obvious from your posts and from the fact that several posters tried to explain it to you and you continued to argue.
And for your information, people commit robberies all the time without weapons. That's why the State of Colorado has different definitions for Robbery and Aggravated Robery. Sometimes they use simulated weapons. Sometimes they use real weapons. And, yes, if you're the victim of most any violent felony committed with a deadly weapon, you can use deadly force to defend yourself as long as you can articulate a resonalbe belief that you felt a lesser degree of force was inadequate and you reasonably believed you were in imminent danger of suffering death or serious bodily injury. If you'll go back and read the posts, you'll find no one disputed that point - in fact, I even agreed with that point.
So you'll have to excuse me for being an ASSHOLE and a DICK. But when someone like you tries to convince me they know the law, and then posts a bunch of stupid and contradictory shit like you did, my tolerance level drops accordingly.
All the bickering!!!
simple:
best thing to do: get a concealed carry permit and you are covered everywhere (almost).[Beer]
Personal Def Simulations
07-27-2009, 18:57
But, but...
But, but...
alright... lets just drop it, like i said.. i dont want to cause any arguments, but i guess its too late for that. your right i'm wrong, no need to keep going over this shit.
oh and... STATEMENT: "but i do know for a fact that your car IS consitered an extention of your home" QUESTION:If its an extention of your home or "castle" then why wouldnt the same castle law apply to your car?"
your car IS an extention of your home. my QUESTION was... If its an extention of your home or "castle" then why wouldnt the same castle law apply to your car?"
you answered the question... very rudely, but thats all i wanted. THANK YOU for letting me know i was wrong. maybe if you werent just reading text you would realize that i wasnt trying to say "im right and i know it" and that i simply was trying to get my shit straight. but hey, whatever.
also. i have another QUESTION for you. do you know what the legal age is to purchase a handgun in a private sale? is it still 21? i cant find anywhere that says. another board member said it was 18 in another post, but i cant find anywhere that states that.
Personal Def Simulations
07-27-2009, 19:23
Oh, sure...I'm supposed to drop it and let you have the last word?
[Neene2]
(Sorry...couldn't resist)
Personal Def Simulations
07-27-2009, 19:39
18 in a private sale, 21 from a dealer. Applicable statute is:
18-12-108.7. Unlawfully providing or permitting a juvenile to possess a handgun - penalty - unlawfully providing a firearm other than a handgun to a juvenile - penalty. (http://www.michie.com/colorado/lpext.dll?f=FifLink&t=document-frame.htm&l=query&iid=5ae26baf.54ec967d.0.0&q=%5BGroup%20%2718-12-108.7%27%5D)
18 in a private sale, 21 from a dealer. Applicable statute is:
18-12-108.7. Unlawfully providing or permitting a juvenile to possess a handgun - penalty - unlawfully providing a firearm other than a handgun to a juvenile - penalty. (http://www.michie.com/colorado/lpext.dll?f=FifLink&t=document-frame.htm&l=query&iid=5ae26baf.54ec967d.0.0&q=%5BGroup%20%2718-12-108.7%27%5D)
alright thank you.
18-12-105. Unlawfully carrying a concealed weapon - unlawful possession of weapons.
(1) A person commits a class 2 misdemeanor if such person knowingly and unlawfully:
(a) Carries a knife concealed on or about his or her person; or
(b) Carries a firearm concealed on or about his or her person; or
Whoa! Are you saying that it is illegal in Colorado to carry a pocketknife?
No, because a pocket knife is a folding blade. I recently purchased a fixed blade knife to run with, and they told me something along the lines of in Adams County, 5" or longer needs to be open carried. They weren't sure of the laws, and I haven't had the time to look them up yet. If someone else has the time to look into the knife laws, that would be great, as I just haven't had the time.
Personal Def Simulations
07-29-2009, 15:22
Whoa! Are you saying that it is illegal in Colorado to carry a pocketknife?
A knife isn't considered a "knife" for purposes of the concealed weapon statute unless the blade is over 3.5" in length.
Doesn't it also have to fixed as well? Or is that not true?
That still means I can't put a fixed blade in my backpack when I go hiking or camping. I did not know that. It also raises questions about whether you can buy a box of long kitchen knives and bring it home in the car without first unwrapping them so they aren't concealed. These laws are crazy.
It also raises questions about whether you can buy a box of long kitchen knives and bring it home in the car without first unwrapping them so they aren't concealed. These laws are crazy.
No it doesn't. 1) You can conceal whatever you want in your car.
2) You can buy a new gun and bring it home in the box and it isn't considered concealed.
Personal Def Simulations
07-29-2009, 17:51
18-12-101 (1)(f) "Knife" means any dagger, dirk, knife, or stiletto with a blade over three and one-half inches in length, or any other dangerous instrument capable of inflicting cutting, stabbing, or tearing wounds, but does not include a hunting or fishing knife carried for sports use. The issue that a knife is a hunting or fishing knife must be raised as an affirmative defense.
There are at least 3 separate statutes that allow carry of a "weapon" in a car for any lawful purpose, including self-defense, so it shouldn't be an issue.
Also, if you're actually engaged in hunting and have a large knife concealed on your person, the fact that you're hunting can be used as an affirmative defense to the act of carrying the knife.
I suppose it's possible that a LE officer might hassle you if carrying a knife while hunting but I think it's highly unlikely.
Ahh how things get so convoluted.
Colorado's CCW permit only covers handguns as defined in the CRS.
Knifes, rifles, clubs, ect.. are subject to a myriad of city, county and state ordinances. I.E. - What may be OK in Lakewood, is suddenly illegal once you cross over into a neighboring jurisdiction.
On topic - Owner of a business, yes you can carry w/o a permit, but only in your place of business. Shooting event in a business as the owner, - not covered under Make My Day (new bill shot down for that one), but under another CRS. You will still be a target for civil action by the criminal or thier family. That is the one big thing the MMD law gives you in your home.
As a business owner, check your insurance coverage. Mention "gun" and I'll wager your rates either go through the roof, or you get dropped.
As always, consult a Lawyer for direct and hopefully accurate answers to legal questions of any nature.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 4.2.3 Copyright © 2025 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.