Wulf202
06-25-2012, 21:35
I believe this information should be free, however I've worked long and hard to compile, verify, edit and reedit this sheet. You have my permission to recreate it as needed, but please do not steal the credit, I am not the researcher/chemist in this and they deserve the credit. Credit goes to LongHunterCO for his help editing. The SODIS graphic is not mine, it is however free to use and is available around the net translated into many languages.
If you EMAIL me and ask nicely I'll happily send the two page (front/back) word format that is given out at all of my classes. I suggest you add it to your BOB/BOV/BOL/
If you have thoughts, corrections or suggestions please feel free.
This is not medical advice, use at your own risk.
http://i.imgur.com/qgM2p.jpg
WATER TREATMENT
Boiling Boil the water for 1 full minute, then let it cool. If you are more than one mile above sea level, boil 3 minutes longer.
Distillation To distill, fill a pot halfway with water. Tie a cup to the handle on the pot's lid so that the cup will hang right-side-up when the lid is upside-down (make sure the cup is not dangling into the water) and boil the water for 20 minutes. The water that drips from the lid into the cup is distilled.
Pasteurization destroys all microorganisms that cause diseases from drinking contaminated water. A small polycarbonate tube contains a wax that melts when water or milk is heated enough to be pasteurized (65˚C/149˚F). This saves much fuel by eliminating the need to boil water. The WAPI (Water Pasteurization Indicator) is a reusable, inexpensive thermometer employing a plug of soybean wax which melts at 68˚C, just above the 65˚C or 149˚F pasteurization temperature for water
How to make due- Go to your kitchen and get your cooking thermometer. Test your thermometer's accuracy by placing it in plain boiling water. At sea level, it should read 212° F subtract 1 degree for every 500 feet above sea level. Use as a WAPI above.
Household bleach The bleach must contain chlorine in order to work. Don't use scented bleaches, color-safe bleaches, or bleaches with added cleaners. Most household chlorine bleaches have 4-6% available chlorine, in which case you should add 1/8 teaspoon (8 drops) of regular, unscented, liquid household bleach for each gallon of water (2 drops per Liter), stir it well and let it stand for 30 minutes before you use it. Check the label; if the percentage of available chlorine is around 1%, or you don't know what the percentage is, use 40 drops per gallon/ 10 drops per Liter; if the percentage is 7-10%, use 4 drops per gallon or 1 drop per Liter. Double the amount of chlorine if the water is cloudy, murky, or colored, or if the water is extremely cold. If after sitting covered for 30 minutes the water doesn't have a slight chlorine odor, repeat the dosage and let sit for another 15 minutes.
• Granular calcium hypochlorite works in the same way as household bleach. You can dissolve one heaping teaspoon of high-test granular calcium hypochlorite (about 1/4 ounce) in two gallons of water (1 heaping tablespoon for every 7.5 Liter or 1 gram for every Liter of water) to make a disinfecting solution. Then add one part of the disinfecting solution to each 100 parts of water to purify; [2] ABOUT .25 oz. to a qt.
Filtration how well filters work depends to a great extent on the physical size of the pores in the filter medium. They suffer from several disadvantages: micro cracks or eroded channels within the filter may allow passage of unfiltered water, they can become contaminated, and no filters sold for field use are fine enough to remove virus particles (Hepatitis A, rotavirus, Norwalk virus, poliovirus, and others).
Reverse osmosis uses a membrane that is semi-permeable, allowing pure water to pass through it, while rejecting the contaminants that are too large to pass through the tiny pores in the membrane. Quality reverse osmosis systems use a process known as crossflow to allow the membrane to continually clean itself. As some of the fluid passes through the membrane the rest continues downstream, sweeping the rejected contaminants away from the membrane and down the drain. They are more susceptible to degradation by chlorine. This is one of the reasons why it is important that a reverse osmosis system include quality activated carbon pre-filters.
Iodine should not be used by persons with allergy to iodine, persons with active thyroid disease, or pregnant women, or continuous use for more than a few weeks at a time.. Note that Iodine and other halogens appear to be relatively ineffective at killing cyclospora, a troublesome diarrhea-causing bacteria Iodine Tincture & Iodine Topical Solution 2% 8 drops/liter. Lugol's Solution 5% 4 drops/liter. Povidone-Iodine (Betadine®) 10% 4 drops/liter. Tetraglycine hydroperiodide (Globaline®, Potable Aqua®, EDWGT®) 8 mg 1 tablet/liter. Addition of a small amount of vitamin C (50 mg) to your water after the contact time with the iodine will render the water nearly flavorless
S.O.D.I.S. which stands for Solar Water Decontamination, and requires only a source of fresh water, a clear plastic bottle and sunlight. Sunlight contains a great deal of ultraviolet radiation, which disrupts the genetic processes of bacteria reproduction and can destroy the microorganisms cell walls. Ultraviolet radiation also has an ionizing effect on the water itself, creating highly oxidative compounds like hydrogen peroxide, a common household antiseptic.
http://i.imgur.com/dirKV.jpg
http://www.high-altitude-medicine.com/ http://www.wikihow.com/Purify-Water http://www.cdc.gov/
http://www.redcross.org http://www.fema.gov/plan/prepare/watermanage.shtm http://www.bushcraftstuff.com/uncategorized/s-o-d-i-s-water-purification/ http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/23110.pdf
Footnotes: For the purposes of this handout the use of Liter (L) and Quart (QT) are interchangeable units of liquid measure.
In general, if you are in a hurry double the chemical dose and halve the contact time; if you want better flavor halve the dose and double the contact time. If you believe the water may be heavily contaminated, double the chemical dose or double the contact time.
Lugol's Solution also contains 10% potassium iodide, increasing the dose of iodine ingested.
If you EMAIL me and ask nicely I'll happily send the two page (front/back) word format that is given out at all of my classes. I suggest you add it to your BOB/BOV/BOL/
If you have thoughts, corrections or suggestions please feel free.
This is not medical advice, use at your own risk.
http://i.imgur.com/qgM2p.jpg
WATER TREATMENT
Boiling Boil the water for 1 full minute, then let it cool. If you are more than one mile above sea level, boil 3 minutes longer.
Distillation To distill, fill a pot halfway with water. Tie a cup to the handle on the pot's lid so that the cup will hang right-side-up when the lid is upside-down (make sure the cup is not dangling into the water) and boil the water for 20 minutes. The water that drips from the lid into the cup is distilled.
Pasteurization destroys all microorganisms that cause diseases from drinking contaminated water. A small polycarbonate tube contains a wax that melts when water or milk is heated enough to be pasteurized (65˚C/149˚F). This saves much fuel by eliminating the need to boil water. The WAPI (Water Pasteurization Indicator) is a reusable, inexpensive thermometer employing a plug of soybean wax which melts at 68˚C, just above the 65˚C or 149˚F pasteurization temperature for water
How to make due- Go to your kitchen and get your cooking thermometer. Test your thermometer's accuracy by placing it in plain boiling water. At sea level, it should read 212° F subtract 1 degree for every 500 feet above sea level. Use as a WAPI above.
Household bleach The bleach must contain chlorine in order to work. Don't use scented bleaches, color-safe bleaches, or bleaches with added cleaners. Most household chlorine bleaches have 4-6% available chlorine, in which case you should add 1/8 teaspoon (8 drops) of regular, unscented, liquid household bleach for each gallon of water (2 drops per Liter), stir it well and let it stand for 30 minutes before you use it. Check the label; if the percentage of available chlorine is around 1%, or you don't know what the percentage is, use 40 drops per gallon/ 10 drops per Liter; if the percentage is 7-10%, use 4 drops per gallon or 1 drop per Liter. Double the amount of chlorine if the water is cloudy, murky, or colored, or if the water is extremely cold. If after sitting covered for 30 minutes the water doesn't have a slight chlorine odor, repeat the dosage and let sit for another 15 minutes.
• Granular calcium hypochlorite works in the same way as household bleach. You can dissolve one heaping teaspoon of high-test granular calcium hypochlorite (about 1/4 ounce) in two gallons of water (1 heaping tablespoon for every 7.5 Liter or 1 gram for every Liter of water) to make a disinfecting solution. Then add one part of the disinfecting solution to each 100 parts of water to purify; [2] ABOUT .25 oz. to a qt.
Filtration how well filters work depends to a great extent on the physical size of the pores in the filter medium. They suffer from several disadvantages: micro cracks or eroded channels within the filter may allow passage of unfiltered water, they can become contaminated, and no filters sold for field use are fine enough to remove virus particles (Hepatitis A, rotavirus, Norwalk virus, poliovirus, and others).
Reverse osmosis uses a membrane that is semi-permeable, allowing pure water to pass through it, while rejecting the contaminants that are too large to pass through the tiny pores in the membrane. Quality reverse osmosis systems use a process known as crossflow to allow the membrane to continually clean itself. As some of the fluid passes through the membrane the rest continues downstream, sweeping the rejected contaminants away from the membrane and down the drain. They are more susceptible to degradation by chlorine. This is one of the reasons why it is important that a reverse osmosis system include quality activated carbon pre-filters.
Iodine should not be used by persons with allergy to iodine, persons with active thyroid disease, or pregnant women, or continuous use for more than a few weeks at a time.. Note that Iodine and other halogens appear to be relatively ineffective at killing cyclospora, a troublesome diarrhea-causing bacteria Iodine Tincture & Iodine Topical Solution 2% 8 drops/liter. Lugol's Solution 5% 4 drops/liter. Povidone-Iodine (Betadine®) 10% 4 drops/liter. Tetraglycine hydroperiodide (Globaline®, Potable Aqua®, EDWGT®) 8 mg 1 tablet/liter. Addition of a small amount of vitamin C (50 mg) to your water after the contact time with the iodine will render the water nearly flavorless
S.O.D.I.S. which stands for Solar Water Decontamination, and requires only a source of fresh water, a clear plastic bottle and sunlight. Sunlight contains a great deal of ultraviolet radiation, which disrupts the genetic processes of bacteria reproduction and can destroy the microorganisms cell walls. Ultraviolet radiation also has an ionizing effect on the water itself, creating highly oxidative compounds like hydrogen peroxide, a common household antiseptic.
http://i.imgur.com/dirKV.jpg
http://www.high-altitude-medicine.com/ http://www.wikihow.com/Purify-Water http://www.cdc.gov/
http://www.redcross.org http://www.fema.gov/plan/prepare/watermanage.shtm http://www.bushcraftstuff.com/uncategorized/s-o-d-i-s-water-purification/ http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/23110.pdf
Footnotes: For the purposes of this handout the use of Liter (L) and Quart (QT) are interchangeable units of liquid measure.
In general, if you are in a hurry double the chemical dose and halve the contact time; if you want better flavor halve the dose and double the contact time. If you believe the water may be heavily contaminated, double the chemical dose or double the contact time.
Lugol's Solution also contains 10% potassium iodide, increasing the dose of iodine ingested.