My personal thoughts on this
Geez, like we didn't have enough already:
1. FAL rifle, carbine length. .308 cartridge can take anything edible at 100yds if need be (typical hunting shots are less than that). And it's got incredible power when compared to the AR15, not to mention there's just no aluminum on it that can get damaged if I trip and fall. A couple of years back some Malaysian guerilla fighter finally gave up his fight after something like 20-30 years living in the bush. The rifle he used all that time was a L1A1 and it still worked. Recoil for the FAL is so manageable that I "turned" two slight women to using it instead of their AR for home defense (yes they train), it just didn't bother them and they liked the power.
2. Any slide action 22. Most take short/long/longrifle bullets. With the 22 short the crows on the farm just wither and die, the noise is so low it's hard to hear me more than 200yds away with subsonic shorts. It doesn't overpenetrate or carry a mile, it takes out any small game that I need to. I can load 20 shorts in mine. I use iron sights and am a pretty good point shooter out to 25 yards, any distance longer than that and you're looking at a ballistic arc that resembles the stock downturn a couple of years back. Using a scope for a 22 just isn't practical and I've NEVER missed game with my little iron sights. It, too, doesn't have anything on it to break - an older winchester pump.
3. Any 44 magnum revolver. I use a S&W model 29. I'm not a wheelgun fan in the sense that I think they walk on water. But they don't break (easily) the loadings can go from very mild to bearkiller (eventually) and snakeshot as a first round when I'm hiking.
I use and train with these for a number of reasons related to SHTF scenarios, here they are in no particular order:
1. If you're stocking up on common caliber ammo, be prepared to have it seized by the local police department. Some people think the opposite, and figure if they stock the same as their local department that they can SHARE. Huh? Every plan I've ever seen in regards to this has civil authorities seizing ammunition for their use, I can't see them sharing it BACK with a person.
2. Sniping, scopes and long distance. I'm trying to survive, WHAT am I sniping at? By protocol a sniper takes a hide and occupies it for long periods of time awaiting their target. I have NO business doing this because my best tools are my ability to un-ass an area and avoid people. Once you have gotten that second shot off at a bad guy(s) you're all but spotted, and you'll wish you had a semi-auto. Scopes break, in any long-term scenario a scope will break. I use Elcan military scopes on my carbine, god that thing is a boat anchor - and it doesn't break either. typical glass scopes are just too delicate for long-term things, I dont want to have to baby my rifle and re-zero all the time when I bump it. Re-zeroing would involve making noise, something I am against.
3. I avoid things made of plastic aside from grips and furniture. If a gun has a plastic part - i.e. Ruger 10/22 the part is weak. Aluminum is fine, as long as it doesn't have to take much of a beating. And any long term SHTF scenario means that replacement parts are unavailable.
4. 22's are just darn useful when you just have to take out the birds that are eating your survival garden.
5. Why no shotgun? They are either sporting arms or close-in defense. Close in defense is what my carbine is for, and taking birds someone has already pointed out is better done with snares. yes, I have lots of snare wire! Their ammunition is bulky too. The best accuracy you can hope for is using slugs out to about 100yds. I can shoot 300 rounds of .308 at 100yds easily and cheaply. With slugs running about 1.50 apiece, and buckshot not being much better - it's a pretty expensive toy with little utility for SHTF. Shotguns shoot lead balls, or lead slugs - none of which will penetrate level II body armor (but they'd hurt). To get through body armo you need "fast and pointy" like a rifle round, if I'm getting "raided" by thieves then you can almost count of them having some body armor - I dont want it to be an issue.
6. Semiauto pistols need maintenance. Glock being the major exception to this. If I didn't like that first birdshot round in my 44, I'd carry a Glock 21. My ability to either shoot a snake (had to occasionally) or a predator (anything hit in the face with birdshot, gets at LEAST distracted and hopefully blind) Then the final 5 softpoints can end the argument as I have more time to aim. You just dont know what it feels like until it happens, you're hiking up a trail and you THINK you've been careful about snakes and you end up doing a very silly dance while trying to climb something. My first instinct is to draw my pistol, I trained that way and it just happens. If I spin around to find a mountain lion has been stalking me (also has happened) I dont much care to fight with it, and a load of birdshot would work as a first round too. Same thing goes for four legged jackals. I shouldn't be getting into extended firefights where my only option is my pistol, I'm in SHTF, my carbine should be welded to my left- testicle at all times when I'm not in the perimeter.
7. So much of what on envisions using a gun for is inappropriate during SHTF, MOSTLY because of noise. You want to be inobtrusive and not draw attention. Potting crows with a 22short is something for a lazy day when you're in your perimeter and the noise signature is almost non-existent. Patrolling means movement, and movement means stealth - carbine length is easy to wield when needed, and .308 is the perfect anti-goblin caliber.
8. Hunting? Are you kidding? The ball has dropped, people are now roaming everywhere, refugees abound. Do you really think that making a big BOOM will not draw attention? Besides, you should have laid up at LEAST 2 years worth of food, you have no NEED to hunt. By the time you might need to hunt, the local larger game will be GONE - sniped to death by the starving horde. Don't think it can happen? What happened to the buffalo? The passenger pigeon, etc. If you're out hunting in the first two years, then you have made BAD preparations for the bad times. Let's not mention the MARTIAL LAW that has been imposed, and you can bet anybody who fires a gun will draw the attention of the government.
Did mention the silencer for the 22? Not integral, but very nice. It's not a gun, but hey, if you can put a 1000 dollar scope on your tactical rifle for SHTF, I can put a 200 dollar silencer on mine.