Corporations pay taxes on the profits they show at the end of the year. Those profits can either be retained by the company or distributed to stockholders, or a mix thereof. The dividends distributed to shareholders are then taxed on the individual as short or long term capital gains.
Example:
Acme Corporation has revenues of $10M at the end of the year (that's a lot of anvils). After all the accounting is done, they show $500k in profit. They pay taxes on that profit, say 30%, leaving them net earnings after taxes of $350k.
They decide to pay a dividend of $1 per share, with 100k shares outstanding. They send out $100,000 in cash to the shareholders. The sole long term stockholder, R. Runner, will then pay capital gains tax of 15% on that $100k income.
That's where the double taxation comes from. What am I missing? Dividends do not count as expenses and cannot be use as a deduction to income to reduce taxable income. That's why most profit is held as retained earnings rather than dispursed to the shareholders, as a tax avoidance.




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