There is no code requirement that the breaker box be outside. However, other code requirements, such as FD access to main disconnect, access to meter, enclosure ratings (specifically fire ratings), ratings for conductors in wall cavities etc. make it significantly cheaper to locate the main breaker and sub-panels on the exterior as opposed to the interior. Even on the interior, the main shut-off has to be accessible from the exterior.
We use 2 outlet lights next to the bedrooms that illuminate when the power goes off and our alarm system (including smokes, gas and CO) are on a system not dependent on Xcel, nor the main breaker being on.





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