I believe the idea is that you must state a caliber when you file. After that you can change uppers (calibers) as long as the original caliber is still available. It's not necessary to officially notify the ATF unless you permanently change the caliber (file with 5.56, install the 300blk, then sell the 5.56). However, I also still have my NFAHymen, so you better consult with one of the easy girls on here that are also not lawyers, before you take my advice.