November 9th, 2023: The Fifth Circuit overturned the ATF's "frame or receiver" rule in the VanDerStok v. Garland case, criticizing the ATF for overstepping its regulatory authority by effectively rewriting the law. The court utilized a creative cake analogy to clarify its point on gun regulation. Drawing parallels to the recent internet craze where cakes are designed to mimic other foods, the court compared the legal status of actual gun frames and receivers with items that simply look similar. The analogy served to demonstrate the ATF's flawed approach, which applies regulations to genuine frames and receivers but fails to consider items that merely resemble them, indicating that appearances should not be the primary factor in regulatory decisions.
Judge Oldham writes an opinion supplementing the majority's findings in order to explore additional problems with the Final Rule, where he says it "doesn’t stop regulating the metal or plastic until it's melted back down to ooze." Judge Kurt Engelhardt, representing the court's stance, also stated, "The agency rule at issue here flouts clear statutory text and exceeds the legislatively-imposed limits on agency authority in the name of public policy." He further clarified that the expansion of firearm regulation and the criminalization of actions that were previously legal are not sanctioned by Congress, rendering the proposed rule an unlawful agency action that goes against legislative intent.
The court firmly concludes that until Congress modifies the Gun Control Act, the ATF must adhere to the existing statutory limits. The Final Rule, according to the court, crosses those boundaries, resulting in the ATF essentially rewriting the law, a move that is not permissible, particularly when it leads to the broad imposition of criminal liability without legislative input.
However, it's important to note that despite the court's ruling, the "frame or receiver" rule remains active due to a stay by the Supreme Court from August 8th. The Supreme Court's intervention means that the rule will stay in effect until the legal proceedings are concluded.