Cold weather can have some serious results with some pistols. Very tight fitting slide to frame guns with steel slides and receivers can be problematical in very cold weather. Get some water in the rails before it freezes or humitidy from one's body in the gun before it freezes can lock it up till you can thaw it out.
Most modern production firearms have enough slop in the moving parts to keep them reliable. The two biggest things you have to worry about in extreme cold weather is temp sensitive powders and the lube in the gun. Every lube starts to turn to a solid at some point when it gets cold. There are some non synthetic greases that will pretty much stop the slide in it's tracks at freezing. Even if the lube doesn't turn solid, it can thicken when cold enough to cause FTE's and possibly FTF's if there is lube in the firing pin/striker channel.
See a bit of this every Oct/Nov time at the pistol competitions around here. People forget to clean out the Slide Glide from their STI's, it get really cold for a match, and the gun just won't run. Clean out the Slide Glide and replace it with 10w-30 synthetic motor oil and they run again.



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