As a resident of MN you can buy a long gun in Colorado without a Colorado license as long as you comply with CO and MN law. You can buy a handgun only in your state of residence.

Federal law allows people to purchase guns in any state as long as they comply with the laws of their state of residence and the state where the purchase is made.

CO law simply says persons from states contiguous to CO can buy long guns in CO. It doesn't say that persons from states not contiguous to CO cannot buy long guns in CO. So as long as MN law allows you to buy long guns out of state you're good to go.

However, if you choose to buy in CO and list your residence as being in CO you'll have to have a CO license.