Sounds like a migraine. I started getting them when I was about that age. Around 14 the Doc put me on a blood pressure meds that stopped the migraines, however I blacked out when I stood-up so I stopped the meds.

After 20 plus years of daily to weekly headaches and monthly migraines I've found a few things that have helped.

If I don't eat wheat/gluten I don't get them. I have been very limited on all wheat for the last six month and I have had a drastic reduction in headaches/migraines other than when I had pizza and/or beer.
Advil liquid gels are the best for over the counter meds. But barfing them up is horrid.
Maxalt is the best for prescription. It works best when you notice the warning signs, i.e. blurry vision...
A heating pad or a hot wash cloth helps.

Sorry to hear about your son. Hopefully you can figure the triggers and avoid the meds.